Which term is defined as a prediction that is to be tested in research, particularly favored by Positivists?

The term that refers to a prediction to be tested in research, especially favored by Positivists, is hypothesis. A hypothesis is a specific, testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables, serving as a foundation for research inquiries. In the context of positivism—which emphasizes empirical evidence and scientific methods—a hypothesis is critical because it provides a framework for researchers to conduct systematic investigations and to draw conclusions based on observable data.

This concept is central to the scientific method and allows sociologists to develop theories based on evidence gathered through research. Unlike other terms such as theory, which represents a broader explanation of phenomena, assumptions, which are beliefs taken for granted, or variables, which are elements measured or manipulated in research, a hypothesis is specifically geared towards predictive testing and empirical validation.