What characterizes an ethical dilemma in sociology research?

An ethical dilemma in sociology research is characterized by the need to balance research benefits against potential harm. This involves weighing the potential advantages of conducting the research, such as contributing to knowledge or providing insights that could lead to social change, against the risks and negative impacts that the research might have on participants or communities involved. Researchers must consider issues like informed consent, confidentiality, and the possibility of causing distress or harm to participants. Navigating these complex situations requires careful ethical consideration, making option B the correct choice.

In contrast, challenges in data collection, deciding on methods, and choosing sampling techniques pertain more to logistical and methodological issues rather than ethical questions. While these aspects are crucial in research design, they do not inherently involve the moral considerations that define ethical dilemmas.